INTRODUCTION:

Costus igneus plant known as Spiral Flag, is a species of herbaceous plant in the Costaceae family¹. The plant grows swiftly and is propagated by stem cutting. The plant can also flourish in partially shaded areas.² This plant has huge squishy appearing leaves. The undersides of these big, smooth, dark green leaves have a subtle purple hue. The leaves are spirally formed around the stem, forming an appealing, Arching bunches growing from underground rootstocks. These plants can grow to be about two feet tall. 1.5-inch orange blooms inch in diameter. Flowering happens throughout the warm months, and they have cone-shaped heads at the tips of branches³. Because of its therapeutic benefits, this plant was originally planted in America and is now popular in India.⁴ It is now extensively recognised and utilized as a therapeutic herb. It has been discovered that consuming the leaves helps to lower blood glucose levels, and diabetics who eat the leaves of this plant experienced a decrease in their blood glucose levels as well as shows antioxidant property. The purpose of the current study was to develop methods for appropriate leaf identification using early analytical investigations that would be useful⁵.

Antioxidant:

At various doses, the antioxidant properties of leaves and rhizomes in methanol, water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts were examined using several models such as DPPH, -carotene, Deoxyribose, superoxide anion, reducing power, and metal chelating test. When C. igneus leaves and rhizomes were tested, they showed good antioxidant activity of about 89.5% and 90.0%, respectively. Compared to normal BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene) (85%) at a concentration of 400g/ml. The results showed that methanolic extracts of both the leaves and rhizomes of C. Pictus possessed when compared to other extracts, it has stronger antioxidant activity.^6,7

Antiaging:

Skin wrinkling is a complicated and unavoidable process in human life⁸. It is associated to the age-dependent malfunctioning of skin cells. Wrinkling of the facial skin is one of the most defining signs of aging, and photoaged skin appears coarse and has deep wrinkles, as opposed to naturally aged skin, which seems smoother and has small wrinkles⁹. Wrinkles, a common indication of skin aging, are exacerbated by a decrease in collagen deposition, resulting in dermal tissue elasticity loss¹⁰. UV irradiation causes an increase in the synthesis of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide in the skin while decreasing the development of anti-oxidant enzymes; this adds to the chronological aging process by hastening several processes key elements of skin aging^9,10.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Costusigneus cultivation In the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Amravati, the plant was grown a potting mix of 1:1:0.5 (black soil: sand: vermicompost). Vidyabharti College of Pharmacy, Amravati, India. Watering was done at regular intervals in order for the plant to grow under 50% shade.

Experimental work:

Extraction Method:

Fresh leaves of Costus igneus were gathered, cleaned, and hot oven dried fig no 1 before being ground into powder with a mechanical grinder and tested. They were weighed after passing through a 20-mesh screen to ensure homogeneous size separately. The powdered materials (10 g) were separated and extracted utilizing a Soxhlet apparatus, as shown in Fig. 2. The extraction lasted 8 hours at 30 °C. The using a rotating filter, extracts were filtered and concentrated.

Fig no.1: Hot oven dried fresh leaves of Costus igneus.

Soxhlet Apparatus.

Figure no 2: Methanolic Extraction of Phytochemicals from Costus igneus Leaves

Qualitative phytochemical study of the leaf of Costus igneus Phytochemical assays were performed on the methanol extract using standard protocols to identify the components, as reported in Refs.^11,12.

Tannin analysis:

In 20ml of water, 0.5g of powdered material was test tube, and then filtered. A few drops of 0.1% ferric chloride were added and observed for brownish green or a blue-black color. 2.3.2 Check for flavonoids. In a test tube with 0.5 cc of alcohol, a pinch of magnesium, and a few drops of concentrated HCl was added. The presence of flavonoids is indicated by the presence of red color. Terpenoids (Salkowski test) 5.0ml.

Alkaloids:

1.0mg of extract was diluted in 10.0ml of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) and filtered. The filtrate was treated separately with Dragendorff's, Mayer's, and Wagner's reagents are used to detect the presence of alkaloids.

Mayer's test:

1.0mL of Mayer's reagent (potassium iodide) was added to one portion of the filtrate. Mercuric iodide solution) was added. The presence of alkaloids is shown by the formation of cream colored precipitate.

Saponins (Froth test)

In a test tube, the Extract was mixed with 10.0ml of pure water. The production of foaming that occurs throughout warming in a water bath 5minutes revealed the existence of saponins.[Table no 7]

Antiageing cream formulation:

Place the liquid paraffin and bees wax in a borosilicate glass breaker at 75°C and keep the temperature there (oil phase). In another beaker, keep borax and methyl paraben dissolved in distilled water. With a water bath, temperatures reach 75°C. Stir the solution with a glass rod until it is smooth. All solid particles dissolve in the aqueous phase. Then, gradually add heated aqueous phase in heated oily phase while stirring continuously (Ashara K, et al., 2013). Add insulin plant extract. Continue mixing with a glass rod until it becomes a creamy cream.

2). When cream is formed, then add rose oil for fragrance. Put this cream on the titurature and add few drops of distilled water if necessary and mix the cream in a geometric manner on the titurature to give smooth texture to the cream and to mix all the ingredients properly method of preparation of cream.¹¹

Table 1: formulations

Sr. No	Ingredients	FC1	FC2	FC3
1	Insulin plant extract	0.9 ml	0.28 ml	0.67 ml
2	Bee-wax	5.45gm	4.97 gm	5.36 gm
3	Liquid paraffin	18.1 ml	21.32 ml	20.1 ml
4	Borax	0.36gm	0.56 gm	20.1 gm
5	Methyl paraben	0.03gm	0.59 gm	0.50 gm
6	Distilled water	q.s	q.s	q.s
7	Rose oil	q.s	q.s	q.s

Table 2: Excipients and herbal ingredients used with their roles

Sr. No	Ingredients	Roles
1	Insulin plant extract	Antioxidant, Antidibetics
2	Bees wax	Emulsifying agent
3	Liquid paraffin	Lubricating agent
4	Borax	Alkaline agent
5	Methyl paraben	Preservative
6	Distilled water	Vehicle
7	Rose oil	Fragrance

Trituration method: For finely separated insoluble powder particles or liquid. Geometric dilution is used to introduce insoluble powder. To avoid the creation of air pockets, liquid is introduced by creating a well in the center. Reduce the solid medicament to fine powder medicaments are mixed with a tiny amount of foundation on ointment slab using a stainless steel spatula until homogeneous formed good (Ashara K, et al., 2013)¹⁴

Irritancy: Mark the area (1 cm²) on the left hand dorsal surface. Then the cream was applied to the area of skin and the time noted. After interval up to 24 hr. it is checked for irritant effect, erythema and edema if any than reported (Navindgikar N, et al., 2020)¹⁴

pH: Take 0.5 g of cream and added to 50 ml distilled water. Then check it’s pH by using digital pH meter (Gupta N, et al., 2015)¹³.

Spreadability test: performed on all three formulations, F1C, F2C, and F3C. The shorter time it takes to separate both slides, the higher the spreadability. As a result, according to the statement, F2C performed better. Table 8(Rignall A, et al., 2017).¹³

FC1 FC2 FC3

Fig. No.3: preparation of antiaging cream.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Fig. no 4: FTIR of insulin plant extract.

Table 3: Physical parameter

Sr. No	Parameter	FC1	FC2	FC3
1	Color	Greenish white	Greenish white	Greenish white
2	Odor	Pleasant	Pleasant	Pleasant
3	Texture	Smooth	Smooth	Smooth
4	State	Semisolid	Semisolid	Semisolid

Table 4: Spreadability test

Sr. No	Formulation	Time (sec)	Spreadability (gcm/sec)
1	FC1	7	2.14
2	FC2	6	3
3	FC3	5	2.5

Table 5: Irritancy test

Sr. No	Formulations	Irritant effect	Erythema	Edema
1	FC1	Nil	Nil	Nil
2	FC2	Nil	Nil	Nil
3	FC3	Nil	Nil	Nil

Table 6: pH test

Sr. No	Formulations	pH
1	FC1	7.95
2	FC2	7.95
3	FC3	7.98

Note: FC1: Formulation cream1; FC2: Formulation cream2; FC3: Formulation cream3.

Table 7: Assays test

Sr. No	Tests	Result
1	Tannin analysis	Present
2	Alkaloids	Present
3	Mayer's test	Present
4	Saponins	Present

CONCLUSION:

The study done so far has revealed that Costus igneus is a valuable medicinal herb with a variety of pharmacological activities. The research has performed on this plant revealed that it possesses several crucial phytoconstituents like conjugated flavonoids, flavones, flavonols, catechin, and catechin-like compounds derivatives, a and b chlorophylls, resinoids, essential oil and alkaloids such as saussurine, inulin, and resin, among others. And these molecules have been linked to a variety of diseases pharmacological features such as anti-diabetic activity antiproliferative activity, antibacterial activity antiurolithiatic and anti-inflammatory properties antioxidant activity, influence on anti-aging actions also. Wrinkling of the facial skin is one of the most defining signs of aging, and photoaged skin appears coarse and has deep wrinkles, as opposed to naturally aged skin, which seems smoother and has small wrinkles, skin while decreasing the development of anti-oxidant enzymes.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

I am very thankful to Mr. Amol V. Sawale, Assistant Professor of Vidyabharti College of Pharmacy, Amravati for encouragement and providing the necessary facility for completion of this work.

DISCLOURE OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

REFERENCES:

1. Kripa Krishnan and N R Vijayalakshmi, A Helen. Methanolic Extract of Costus igneus (N.E.Br.) Alleviates Dyslipidemia Indiabetic Rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2011;14(Supp l1): 154-157. http://www.ajpcr.com/Vol4Suppl1/546.pdf, 12/01/2014

2. ibid

3. ibid

4. Nimmy Chacko and CS Shastry. Hepato protective activity of Costus igneus against Paracetamol induced liver damage. IJAPBC. 2012; 1(2): www.ijapbc.com

5. Jayasri MA, Mathew L, Radha A. A report on the antioxidant activity of leaves and rhizomes of Costus pictus D. Don. Int J Integr Biol. 2009; 5: 20

6. Rajeshkumar Shanmugam, and Annadurai Gurusamy. In Vivo Antidiabetic and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous Leaves Extract of Chamaecostus cuspidatus / Mohemedibrahim Ponnanikajamideen. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2016; 9(8). DOI: 10.5958/0974- 360X.2016.00230

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16. Rignall A. ICHQ1A (R2) stability testing of new drug substance and product and ICHQ1C stability testing of new dosage forms. ICH quality guidelines: An Implementation guide. 2017

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Received on 09.10.2023 Modified on 16.12.2023

Research J. Science and Tech. 2024; 16(1):1-5.

DOI: 10.52711/2349-2988.2024.00001